No consistent definition of intellectual disability
There is no consistent definition for the term ‘intellectual disability’. However, it can be broadly defined as a condition that affects the intellectual functioning and adaptive behaviour of an individual. People with an intellectual disability may have trouble with communication, memory, understanding, problem solving, motor skills and self-care.
It is important to note that intellectual disability is also not a homogenous category. People with intellectual disability have diverse needs and abilities. Some will exhibit mild affects in some areas, while others will be severely affected. Comorbidities are also common, particularly for those with an intellectual disability who are in places of custody. As a result, people in custody with intellectual disability may be at an increased risk of bullying, abuse, and exploitation.
For the purposes of this review, intellectual disability is used as the collective term for various developmental and cognitive disorders including Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder, Autism Spectrum Disorder, Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder, and Acquired Brain Injuries.